Fungal species with cellulolytic abilities Biology Diagrams 1. Fungi are composed of Eukaryotic cells. Cells with a nucleus and organelles are a common feature of Eukaryotic cells. What is unique about many fungi is that they can maintain two distinct nuclei per cell. Also, some fungi appear to have lost their mitochondria, the organelle responsible for aerobic respiration (using Oxygen to generate ATP). 2.
Unicellular fungi (yeasts) cells form pseudohyphae from individual yeast cells. In contrast to molds, yeasts are unicellular fungi. The budding yeasts reproduce asexually by budding off a smaller daughter cell; the resulting cells may sometimes stick together as a short chain or pseudohypha (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). Additionally, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are involved in protein and lipid synthesis, further underscoring the complexity of fungal cells. Fungal Reproduction. Fungi exhibit a diverse array of reproductive strategies that contribute to their adaptability and survival. Reproduction in fungi can be broadly categorized into
Biology LibreTexts Biology Diagrams
The Fungal Body. Fungi have well-defined characteristics that set them apart from other organisms. Most multicellular fungal bodies are made up of filaments called hyphae.Hyphae can form a network called a mycelium, which is the thallus (body) of the fungus (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)).Fungi are heterotrophs that excrete enzymes to digest food externally, then absorb the digested food. Like plant cells, fungal cells have a thick cell wall. The rigid layers of fungal cell walls contain complex polysaccharides called chitin and glucans.Chitin (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine), also found in the exoskeleton of arthropods such as insects, gives structural strength to the cell walls of fungi.The wall protects the cell from desiccation and some predators.
Unlike plant cells, fungal cells do not have chloroplasts or chlorophyll. Many fungi display bright colors arising from other cellular pigments, ranging from red to green to black. The poisonous Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) is recognizable by its bright red cap with white patches (). Pigments in fungi are associated with the cell wall and play All cells must accurately replicate DNA and partition it to daughter cells. The basic cell cycle machinery is highly conserved among eukaryotes. Most of the mechanisms that control the cell cycle were worked out in fungal cells, taking advantage of their powerful genetics and rapid duplication times โฆ
Characteristics and Ultrastructure Biology Diagrams
Key Terms. glucan: any polysaccharide that is a polymer of glucose; ergosterol: the functional equivalent of cholesterol found in cell membranes of fungi and some protists, as well as, the steroid precursor of vitamin D2; mycelium: the vegetative part of any fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, threadlike hyphae, often underground; hypha: a long, branching, filamentous structure of a
